What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, or IBD, is a term that encompasses two chronic conditions that affect the digestive system: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Both are characterized by persistent inflammation in different areas of the intestine, which can lead to digestive discomfort, fatigue, and a significant impact on quality of life. Ulcerative colitis involves chronic inflammatory lesions in the wall of the large intestine (colon), while Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract—from mouth to anus. Although there is no cure, with proper management, it can be controlled and allow for an active, fulfilling life.
Who does it affect and why?
It is estimated that IBD affects more than 300,000 people in Spain, with a rising number of cases, especially among young adults. There is no single cause, but genetic, environmental, immunological, and lifestyle-related factors all play a role.
According to the ACCU (Spanish Confederation for Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis), “Compared to other developed countries, Spain has one of the highest proportions of patients aged 20 to 29, ranking ahead of countries such as the UK, Germany, or the US, and similar to Italy.”
The main concerns of people with IBD include a significant loss in quality of life. More specifically, 74% report being severely affected by the sensation of incomplete bowel movements (tenesmus), 72% are worried about diarrhea, and 46% say that fatigue and exhaustion from IBD interfere with their ability to carry out daily activities. Other concerns include fear of surgery, abdominal pain, and uncertainty about flare-ups.
Common Symptoms
Each person can experience IBD differently, but common symptoms include:
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Abdominal pain
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Chronic diarrhea, sometimes with blood
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Urgency to go to the bathroom
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Weight loss and loss of appetite
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Ongoing fatigue
In addition, symptoms aren’t always limited to the intestines. Joint pain, skin or eye issues, and mood disturbances can also occur.
IBD progresses in flare-ups—periods of heightened symptoms—alternating with remission phases where symptoms lessen.
Why does it happen?
The gut does more than digest food—it also acts as a smart barrier, allowing nutrients in while blocking potentially harmful substances like bacteria, toxins, or undigested particles. This protective function largely depends on the health of the intestinal mucosa, a thin layer of cells lining the digestive tract.
What happens when this barrier weakens?
When the intestinal mucosa is damaged, intestinal permeability increases, allowing inappropriate molecules to pass into the bloodstream. This is commonly known as “leaky gut,” although the technical term is intestinal hyperpermeability. It allows substances into the bloodstream that shouldn’t be there, potentially triggering an exaggerated immune response and, over time, chronic inflammation.
A self-perpetuating cycle
In people with IBD (such as Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis), damage to the mucosa is frequently observed. The complex part is that this damage is not just a consequence of IBD—it can also worsen or sustain it. In other words, a weakened intestinal barrier fuels the problem instead of resolving it.
Factors that can negatively affect the intestinal mucosa include:
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Diets high in ultra-processed foods, artificial colors, and low-quality fats
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Past intestinal infections
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Chronic stress
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Gut microbiota imbalances
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Deficiencies in key nutrients (zinc, glutamine, vitamin A…)
Caring for the mucosa: a key goal
That’s why, in integrative digestive health, protecting and repairing the intestinal lining is a top priority. This can be achieved through:
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A diet rich in whole, easily digestible foods
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Support with nutrients and natural compounds that strengthen mucosal integrity (such as glutamine, zinc, or certain plant extracts)
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Reducing irritants: stress, environmental toxins, certain medications…
Rebuilding a strong intestinal barrier not only improves digestive symptoms but also regulates the immune response and supports overall health.
Diagnosis and medical treatment
Diagnosing IBD can be difficult and delayed, especially with Crohn’s disease, since inflammation can appear anywhere in the digestive tract and symptoms are varied, vague, and sometimes mistaken for other conditions.
If symptoms persist, consulting a specialist is crucial. Diagnosis usually involves:
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Blood and stool tests: to detect signs of inflammation, infection, anemia, and dehydration
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Colonoscopy: confirms IBD and reveals ulcers, inflammation, bleeding, or narrowing
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Imaging tests: show inflamed areas and help assess extent, severity, and complications, but do not confirm diagnosis
There is currently no cure for IBD, but treatments are available that can change the course of Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis in the short and long term. The goal is to control disease activity, encourage remission, and prevent complications.
Treatment may include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, or surgery in severe cases. But alongside medical treatment, an integrative approach is increasingly valued: focusing on diet, rest, emotional health, and nutritional supplements.
The role of lifestyle in IBD
Living with IBD goes beyond taking medication. Lifestyle has a direct impact on the frequency and intensity of flare-ups, the state of the intestinal lining, the immune system, and even emotional health. Paying attention to diet, managing stress, and avoiding harmful habits can greatly improve quality of life for people with IBD.
Diet and nutrition
There is no one-size-fits-all diet, but many patients improve by avoiding ultra-processed foods, saturated fats, and dairy in some cases. An anti-inflammatory diet rich in vegetables, soluble fiber, and healthy fats can make a significant difference. During flare-ups, patients can:
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Identify foods linked to their symptoms
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Recognize foods that cause the least discomfort
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Eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day
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Choose lactose-free products if intolerant or unsure
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Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fructose, sugar, and artificial sweeteners if they worsen symptoms
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Avoid drinking liquids with meals—drink between meals instead
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Reduce fat intake, as it may be hard to digest and increase bowel movements
Stress management and rest
The gut is sensitive to emotional states. Practices such as meditation, yoga, nature exposure, and quality sleep can help reduce flare-ups. People with Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis are at higher risk for mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and panic disorders. These are often linked to the stress of living with IBD and the time since diagnosis.
Adapted physical activity
Regular, moderate exercise can reduce inflammation, improve mood, and support the immune system.
Recommendations:
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Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, gentle cycling, or yoga
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Avoid overexertion during flare-ups
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Listen to your body: move, but don’t push too hard
A moderately active lifestyle is always an ally for the gut.
Toxic habits
Certain habits can worsen IBD or trigger flare-ups. Avoiding or reducing them is essential.
Main factors to avoid:
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Smoking: especially harmful in Crohn’s disease
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Alcohol: irritates the gut lining and disrupts the microbiota
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Additives and ultra-processed foods: may cause inflammation or microbiota imbalance
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Environmental toxins: chronic exposure to pesticides or heavy metals may contribute
Taking care of what we eat, breathe, and apply to our skin is also part of treatment.
Dietary supplements as allies
Supplements don’t replace medical treatment, but they can support quality of life in IBD. Their role is to complement, strengthen, and protect the body, helping address nutrient deficiencies, modulate inflammation, and support gut barrier integrity.
Key micronutrients
People with IBD are more prone to deficiencies due to poor absorption, diarrhea-related losses, or dietary restrictions. Important micronutrients include:
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Vitamin D: regulates the immune system and has anti-inflammatory effects. Deficiencies are common in IBD.
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Iron: anemia is frequent, especially during flare-ups due to bleeding and poor absorption. Iron bisglycinate is often better tolerated.
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Vitamin B12 and folic acid: especially important in Crohn’s disease if the ileum is affected.
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Zinc: essential for mucosal repair and proper immune function.
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Magnesium: helps reduce fatigue and supports muscle and intestinal function.
Natural ingredients that support digestive balance
Some natural ingredients can help maintain balance in the body, soothe the digestive tract, and support gut health.
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Sea buckthorn oil: rich in omega 7, carotenoids, and phytosterols, it supports mucosal health with emollient and protective action. Oliovita Gastro combines this oil in a formula designed for daily digestive support, especially in people with recurring discomfort or weakened intestinal barriers.
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Turmeric (curcuminoids): supports a balanced immune response.
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Omega-3 (EPA/DHA): support heart health and can help as part of a balanced diet.
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Glutamine: an amino acid that helps maintain intestinal mucosa integrity.
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Aloe vera: may soothe and protect the digestive tract.
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Specific probiotics: certain strains can support gut microbiota balance.
What role can they play in managing IBD?
Supplement use should always be tailored to the individual and guided by a healthcare professional. They can be useful tools to support gut health, boost immunity, or address deficiencies—especially during maintenance or recovery phases.
The intestinal mucosa needs omegas 3, 6, 7, and 9 to stay healthy. Ingredients like sea buckthorn oil nourish and calm from the inside out.
Oliovita Gastro may be a good ally if you want to:
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Hydrate, nourish, and repair the gastrointestinal lining
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Help relieve and protect against intestinal infections
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Support the reduction of chronic intestinal inflammation through antioxidant action
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Improve intestinal permeability
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Reduce the side effects of medication on mucous membranes
Living with IBD: Everyday Strategies
Beyond treatment and diet, living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) means adapting your routines, accepting new rhythms, and, most importantly, learning to listen to your body.
Practical Tips
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Keep a symptom and food diary: it can help you identify what works for you and what doesn’t.
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Plan your meals and schedule: regular habits support gut health.
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Have an “emergency kit”: when traveling or going out, bring comfortable clothes, easy access to a bathroom, and a snack you tolerate well.
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Take care of your emotional environment: IBD doesn’t just affect your body—it can also impact your mood, self-esteem, and relationships.
Emotional Support and Community
IBD can lead to feelings of isolation or misunderstanding. Seeking support—whether through patient associations, online communities, or psychological therapy—can help you feel seen and supported.
Practicing self-compassion and recognizing your limits without guilt is also an essential part of self-care.
Conclusion
Inflammatory Bowel Disease is complex, but it doesn’t define you. With an integrative approach—combining medical treatment, a proper diet, healthy lifestyle habits, and natural supplements that respect your body—it’s possible to improve your quality of life and well-being.
